Work package 5: Monitoring the costs and benefits of RE expansion

The analysis of the system-related costs and benefits covers additional costs as well as avoided environmental damage in the fields of electricity, heat and transport. The additional costs in the electricity sector are calculated continuously in line with the price structure of the respective current expansion scenario and the installations and investments of each previous year. For the heat sector, cost effects are estimated via investment, operating and consumption costs, new construction as well as the building stock and existing reference technologies. The avoided environmental damage is calculated based on updated emission and substitution factors. In addition to the additional costs and the avoided environmental damage, costs for expanding the grid as well as the costs of balancing energy are calculated and shown.